Lesson 42
"By my troth, captain, these are very bitter words."
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
by my troth |
/trɒːθ / |
/trəʊθ/ |
قسم به شرف ام |
|
captain |
/ˈkæptɪn/ |
/ˈkæptɪn/ |
(نظامی) سروان، ناخدا |
|
bitter |
/ˈbɪt̬ɚ/ |
/ˈbɪtə/ |
(نقد، سخن) تند، زننده |
1. maintain = keep; keep up; carry on; uphold; support; declare to be true
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
maintain |
/menˈteɪn/ |
/meɪnˈteɪn/ |
نگه داشتن ادامه دادن اعتقاد داشتن |
|
keep up |
/ˈkiːp ap/ |
/ˈkiːp ap/ |
ادامه دادن |
|
carry on |
/ˈkæriˈɑːn/ |
/ˈkæriˈɑːn/ |
ادامه دادن |
|
uphold |
/ʌpˈhoʊld/ |
/ʌpˈhoʊld/ |
حمایت کردن |
|
declare to be true |
/dɪˈkler/ |
/dɪˈkleə/ |
مدعی بودن |
a. Angelo maintained his hold on the jagged* rock though his fingers were becoming numb.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
hold |
/hoʊld/ |
/hoʊld/ |
نگه داشتن |
|
jagged |
/ˈdʒæɡɪd/ |
/ˈdʒæɡɪd/ |
ناهموار |
|
rock |
/rɑːk/ |
/rɒk/ |
تخته سنگ |
|
though |
/ðoʊ/ |
/ðəʊ/ |
با وجود اینکه |
|
numb |
/nʌm/ |
/nʌm/ |
کرخت، بی‌حس |
b. The judge maintained his opinion that the verdict* was fair.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
judge |
/dʒʌdʒ/ |
/dʒʌdʒ/ |
قاضی، دادرس |
|
opinion |
/əˈpɪnjən/ |
/əˈpɪnjən/ |
عقیده، اندیشه |
|
verdict |
/ˈvɝːdɪkt/ |
/ˈvɜːdɪkt / |
رای، نظر |
|
fair |
/fer/ |
/feə/ |
منصف، بی‌طرفانه |
c. The pauper* was unable to maintain his family without the help of charity.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
pauper |
/pɒːpər/ |
/ˈpɔːpə/ |
فقیر، بی نوا |
|
unable |
/ʌnˈeɪbl/ |
/ʌnˈeɪbl/ |
عاجز، ناتوان |
|
charity |
/ˈtʃærəti/ |
/ˈtʃærəti/ |
خیریه |
2. snub = treat coldly, scornfully, or with contempt; cold treatment
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
snub |
/ˈsnəb/ |
/snʌb/ |
رفتار سرد یا اهانت آمیز به سردی رفتار کردن |
|
treat |
/triːt/ |
/triːt/ |
رفتار کردن با |
|
scornfully |
/ˈskɔːrnfli/ |
/ˈskɔːnfli/ |
بطور اهانت آمیز |
|
contempt |
/kənˈtempt/ |
/kənˈtempt/ |
تحقیر، اهانت |
|
treatment |
/ˈtriːtmənt/ |
/ˈtriːtmənt/ |
رفتار |
a. Darryl later apologized* to Sally for snubbing her at the dance.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
later |
/ˈleɪt̬ɚ/ |
/ˈleɪtə/ |
بعداً |
|
apologize |
/əˈpɑːlədʒaɪz/ |
/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ |
پوزش خواستن، معذرت خواستن |
b. Sandra was tormented* by the thought that she might be snubbed by her classmates.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
torment |
/ˈtɔːrment/ |
/ˈtɔːment/ |
زجر دادن |
|
thought |
/θɒːt/ |
/θɔːt/ |
گمان، اندیشه |
|
classmate |
/ˈklæsmeɪt/ |
/ˈklɑːsmeɪt/ |
همکلاس |
c. I considered* it a rude snub when I was not invited to the party.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
consider |
/kənˈsɪdɚ/ |
/kənˈsɪdə/ |
تلقی کردن |
|
rude |
/ruːd/ |
/ruːd/ |
گستاخ |
|
invite |
/ɪnˈvaɪt/ |
/ɪnˈvaɪt/ |
دعوت کردن |
3. endure = last; keep on; undergo; bear; stand
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
endure |
/enˈdjʊr/ |
/ɪnˈdjʊə/ |
تحمل کردن، متحمل شدن، طاقت چیزی راداشتن |
|
last (v) |
/læst/ |
/lɑːst/ |
تحمل کردن |
|
keep on |
/kiːp ɑːn/ |
/kiːp ɑːn/ |
تحمل کردن |
|
undergo |
/ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ/ |
/ˌʌndəˈɡoʊ/ |
تحمل کردن، متحمل چیزی شدن |
|
bear |
/ber/ |
/beə/ |
تحمل کردن |
|
stand |
/stænd/ |
/stænd/ |
تاب آوردن |
a. How can you endure such disrespect?
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
disrespect |
/ˌdɪsrɪˈspekt/ |
/ˌdɪsrɪˈspekt/ |
بی‌احترامی |
b. The valiant* officer endured serious burns on September 11th.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
valiant |
/ˈvæliənt/ |
/ˈvæliənt/ |
شجاع |
|
officer |
/ˈɒːfəsər/ |
/ˈɒfəsə/ |
مامور |
|
serious |
/sɪriəs/ |
/ˈsɪəriəs/ |
جدی، وخیم |
|
burn |
/bɜːrn/ |
/bɜːn/ |
سوختگی (در اثر حرارت) |
c. Dr. Hardy was confident* he could endure the hardships* of space travel.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
confident |
/ˈkɑːnfədnt/ |
/ˈkɒnfɪdnt/ |
مطمئن |
|
hardship |
/ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/ |
/ˈhɑːdʃɪp/ |
سختی، مشقت |
|
space travel |
/speɪs ˈtrævl/ |
/speɪs ˈtrævl/ |
سفر‌فضایی |
4. wrath = very great anger; rage
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
wrath |
/ræθ/ |
/rɒθ/ |
خشم، عصبانیت |
|
great |
/ ɡreɪt/ |
/ɡreɪt/ |
زیاد |
|
rage |
/ reɪdʒ/ |
/reɪdʒ/ |
خشم، غضب |
a. Anticipating* Father's wrath, we tried to give him the news slowly.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
Anticipate |
/ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/ |
/ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/ |
پیش بینی کردن |
b. There is no rage* like the wrath of an angry bear.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
bear |
/ber/ |
/beə/ |
خرس |
c. After Ernie's wrath subsided,* we were able to tell him what happened.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
subside |
/səbˈsaɪd/ |
/səbˈsaɪd/ |
فروکش کردن |
5. expose = lay open; uncover; leave unprotected; show openly
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
expose |
/ɪkˈspoʊz/ |
/ɪkˈspoʊz/ |
در معرض قرار دادن، نمایش دادن |
|
lay open |
/ˈleɪˈoʊpən/ |
/ˈleɪˈoʊpən/ |
در معرض قرار دادن |
|
uncover |
/ʌnˈkʌvɚ/ |
/ʌnˈkʌvə/ |
آشکار کردن |
|
unprotected |
/ʌnprəˈtektd/ |
/ʌnprəˈtektd/ |
بدون حفاظ، بی دفاع |
a. Soldiers in an open field are exposed to the enemy's gunfire.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
soldier |
/ˈsoʊldʒər/ |
/ˈsoʊldʒə/ |
سرباز |
|
open field |
/fiːld/ |
/fiːld/ |
میدان جنگ |
|
gunfire |
/ˈɡʌnfaɪr/ |
/ˈɡʌnfaɪ/ |
تیراندازی |
|
enemy |
/ˈenəmi/ |
/ˈenəmi/ |
دشمن |
b. Foolish actions expose a person to the sneers* of others.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
foolish |
/ˈfuːlɪʃ/ |
/ˈfuːlɪʃ/ |
احمقانه |
|
sneer |
/snɪr/ |
/snɪə/ |
تمسخر کردن |
c. The article exposed the vital* document* as a forgery.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
vital |
/ˈvaɪtl/ |
/ˈvaɪtl/ |
اساسی، مورد نیاز |
|
document |
/ˈdɑːkjəmənt/ |
/ˈdɒkjəmənt/ |
مدارک |
|
forgery |
/ˈfɔːrdʒɚi/ |
/ˈfɔːdʒəri/ |
جعلی، تقلبی |
6. legend = story coming from the past, which many people have believed; what is written on a coin or below a picture
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
legend |
/ˈledʒnd/ |
/ˈledʒnd/ |
الف)افسانه، اسطوره ب)راهنمای نقشه، کلماتی که بر روی سکه نوشته می شود
|
|
below |
/bɪˈloʊ/ |
/bɪˈloʊ/ |
در زیر، پایین |
a. Stories about King Arthur and his knights are popular* legends.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
knight |
/naɪt/ |
/naɪt/ |
شوالیه، سلحشور |
|
popular |
/ˈpɒpjələ/ |
/ˈpɒpjələr/ |
محبوب |
b. legend has exaggerated* the size of Paul Bunyan.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
exaggerate |
/ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/ |
/ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/ |
مبالغه کردن در |
c. The legend on the rare coin was scarcely* legible.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
rare |
/rer/ |
/reə/ |
نادر، کمیاب |
|
scarcely |
/ˈskersli/ |
/ˈskeəsli/ |
به سختی |
|
legible |
/ˈledʒəbl/ |
/ˈledʒəbl/ |
خوانا، به راحتی قابل خواندن |
7. ponder = consider carefully
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
ponder |
/ˈpɑːndər/ |
/ˈpɑːndə/ |
تفکر عمیق کردن، اندیشیدن |
|
consider |
/kənˈsɪdɚ/ |
/kənˈsɪdə/ |
فکر کردن به |
a. Not wishing to act hastily,* the governor pondered the problem for days.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
not wish |
/wɪʃ/ |
/wɪʃ/ |
مایل نبودن |
|
hastily |
/ˈheɪstəli/ |
/ˈheɪstəli/ |
باعجله، باشتاب |
|
governor |
/ˈɡʌvɚnɚ/ |
/ˈɡʌvnə/ |
فرماندار، حاکم |
b. After pondering the question, the board decided to grant the parole.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
board |
/bɔːrd/ |
/bɔːd/ |
هیئت مدیره |
|
decide |
/dɪˈsaɪd/ |
/dɪˈsaɪd/ |
تصمیم گرفتن |
|
grant |
/ɡrænt/ |
/ɡrɑːnt/ |
اعطا کردن |
|
parole |
/pəˈroʊl/ |
/pəˈroʊl/ |
آزادی مشروط |
c. The villagers, faced with a famine,* pondered their next move.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
villager |
/ˈvɪlɪdʒɚ/ |
/ˈvɪlɪdʒə/ |
روستایی |
|
face with |
/feɪs wɪð/ |
/feɪs wɪð/ |
مواجه شدن با |
|
famine |
/ˈfæmɪn/ |
/ˈfæmɪn/ |
قحطی |
8. resign = give up; yield; submit
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
resign |
/rɪˈzaɪn/ |
/rɪˈzaɪn/ |
تسلیم شدن، استعفا دادن |
|
give up |
/ˈɡɪvˈəp/ |
/ɡɪvʌp/ |
تسلیم شدن |
|
yield |
/jiːld/ |
/jiːld/ |
تسلیم شدن |
|
submit |
/səbˈmɪt/ |
/səbˈmɪt/ |
تسلیم شدن |
a. Vito resigned his position as editor* of the school paper.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
position |
/pəˈzɪʃn/ |
/pəˈzɪʃn/ |
مقام، جایگاه |
|
as |
/əz/ |
/əz/ |
به‌عنوانِ |
|
editor |
/ˈedɪt̬ər/ |
/ˈedɪt̬ə/ |
ویراستار |
|
school paper |
/skuːl ˈpeɪpər/ |
/skuːl ˈpeɪpə/ |
نشریه |
b. Upon hearing the news of the defeat, the football coach promptly* resigned.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
upon |
/əˈpɑːn/ |
/əˈpɒn/ |
بمحض |
|
defeat |
/dɪˈfiːt/ |
/dɪˈfiːt/ |
شکست |
|
coach |
/koʊtʃ/ |
/kəʊtʃ/ |
مربی |
|
promptly |
/ˈprɑːmptli/ |
/ˈprɒmptli/ |
فوراً |
c. Upon examining the injury, the chiropractor* told Jim he had better resign himself to a week in bed.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
upon |
/əˈpɑːn/ |
/əˈpɒn/ |
بمحض |
|
examine |
/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ |
/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ |
معاینه کردن |
|
injury |
/ˈɪndʒəri/ |
/ˈɪndʒəri/ |
آسیب، صدمه |
|
chiropractor |
/ˈkaɪroʊpræktər/ |
/ˈkaɪrəʊˌpræktə/ |
فیزیوتراپ، طب مَفصلی |
9. drastic = acting with force or violence*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
drastic |
/ˈdræstɪk/ |
/ˈdræstɪk/ |
موثر، قوی، جدی، شدید |
|
violence |
/ˈvaɪələns/ |
/ˈvaɪələns/ |
شدت، خشونت |
a. The police took drastic measures to end the crime wave.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
drastic measures |
/ˈdræstɪk ˈmeʒərz/ |
/ˈdræstɪk ˈmeʒəz/ |
اقدامات شدید |
|
crime wave |
/kraɪm weɪv/ |
/kraɪm weɪv/ |
موج جنایت |
b. The most drastic changes in centuries* have taken place during our lifetime.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
century |
/ˈsentʃəri/ |
/ˈsentʃəri/ |
قرن |
|
take place |
/teɪk pleɪs/ |
/teɪk pleɪs/ |
اتفاق افتادن |
|
during |
/ˈdʊrɪŋ/ |
/ˈdjʊərɪŋ/ |
درطیِ، درمدت |
|
lifetime |
/ˈlaɪftaɪm/ |
/ˈlaɪftaɪm/ |
عمر، دوره زندگی |
c. In the interests of justice,* drastic action must be taken.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
in the interest |
/ˈɪntrɪst/ |
/ˈɪntrɪst/ |
به نفعِ |
|
justice |
/ˈdʒʌstɪs/ |
/ˈdʒʌstɪs/ |
عدالت، درستی |
10. wharf = platform built on the shore or out from the shore beside which ships can load or unload
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
wharf |
/wɔːrf/ |
/wɔːf/ |
اسکله، بارانداز |
|
platform |
/ˈplætfɔːrm/ |
/ˈplætfɔːm/ |
سکو |
|
built on |
/bɪlt/ |
/bɪlt/ |
متکی بر، بر پایه |
|
shore |
/ʃɔːr/ |
/ʃɔː/ |
ساحل |
|
beside |
/bɪˈsaɪd/ |
/bɪˈsaɪd/ |
درکنار، نزدیک |
|
load |
/loʊd/ |
/ləʊd/ |
بارکردن |
|
unload |
/ʌnˈloʊd/ |
/ʌnˈləʊd/ |
خالی کردن |
a. We watched the exhausted* laborers unloading the cargo on the wharf.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
exhausted |
/ɪɡˈzɑːstɪd/ |
/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ |
خسته |
|
laborer |
/ˈleɪbərər/ |
/ˈleɪbrə/ |
کارگر، عمله |
|
cargo |
/ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/ |
/ˈkɑːɡəʊ/ |
بار، بارکشتی |
b. The lawyer insisted* that his client* was never seen near the wharf where the crime had taken place.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
insist |
/ɪnˈsɪst/ |
/ɪnˈsɪst/ |
تکیه کردن بر، پافشاری کردن |
|
client |
/ˈklaɪənt/ |
/ ˈklaɪənt/ |
موکل |
|
crime |
/kraɪm/ |
/kraɪm/ |
جنایت، جرم |
c. Waiting at the wharf for the supply ships to unload was a starving multitude* of people.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
supply ship |
/səˈplaɪ ʃɪp/ |
/səˈplaɪ ʃɪp/ |
کشتی آذوقه |
|
starving |
/stɑːrvɪŋ/ |
/stɑːvɪŋ/ |
گرسنه |
|
multitude |
/ˈmʌltətuːd/ |
/ˈmʌltɪtjuːd/ |
گروه بسیار، جمعیت کثیر |
11. amend = change for the better; correct; change
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
amend |
/əˈmend/ |
/əˈmend/ |
اصلاح کردن |
a. It is time you amended your ways.
b. Each time they amended the plan, they made it worse.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
worse |
/wɜːrs/ |
/wɜːs/ |
بدتر |
c. Rather than amend the club's constitution again, let us discard* it and start afresh.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
rather than |
/ˈræðər ðn/ |
/ˈrɑːðə ðn/ |
به‌جای، به‌عوضِ |
|
club |
/klʌb/ |
/klʌb/ |
کلوپ، باشگاه |
|
constitution |
/ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃn/ |
/ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ |
اساسنامه |
|
discard |
/dɪˈskɑːrd/ |
/dɪsˈkɑːd/ |
دورانداختن |
|
afresh |
/əˈfreʃ/ |
/əˈfreʃ/ |
ازنو، دوباره |
12. ballot = piece of paper used in voting; the whole number of votes cast; the method of secret voting; to vote or decide by using ballots
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
ballot |
/ˈbælət/ |
/ˈbælət/ |
تعرفه، برگه رای، با تعرفه رای دادن |
|
whole |
/hoʊl/ |
/həʊl/ |
همه |
|
cast |
/kæst/ |
/kɑːst / |
انداختن |
|
method |
/ˈmeθəd/ |
/ˈmeθəd/ |
روش |
|
decide |
/dɪˈsaɪd/ |
/dɪˈsaɪd/ |
تصمیم گرفتن |
a. Clyde, confident* of victory, dropped his ballot into the box.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
confident |
/ˈkɑːnfədnt/ |
/ˈkɒnfɪdnt/ |
مطمئن |
|
victory |
/ˈvɪktri/ |
/ˈvɪktri/ |
پیروزی |
|
drop |
/drɑːp/ |
/drɒp/ |
انداختن |
b. After we counted the ballots a second time, Leo's victory was confirmed.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
count |
/kaʊnt/ |
/kaʊnt/ |
شمردن |
|
confirm |
/kənˈfɜrːm/ |
/ kənˈfɜːm/ |
تأیید کردن، تصدیق کردن |
c. To avoid embarrassing the candidates,* we ballot instead of showing hands.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
embarrass |
/ɪmˈbærəs/ |
/ɪmˈbærəs/ |
برآشفتن، خجالت دادن |
|
instead of |
/ˌɪnˈstedʌv/ |
/ɪnˈstedɒv/ |
بعوض، بجای |
Words in Use
Read the following passage to see how the new words are used in it.
A Time for Decision
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
decision |
/dɪˈsɪʒn/ |
/dɪˈsɪʒn/ |
تصمیم‌گیری |
Carl Brown walked wearily* from the bus stop, his thoughts preoccupied* with the day's events.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
wearily |
/wɪə.rəl.i/ |
/wɪə.rəl.i/ |
باخستگی |
|
preoccupy |
/priːˈɒkjəpaɪ/ |
/priːˈɒkjəpaɪ/ |
فکر یا ذهن را به خود مشغول کردن |
He had become accustomed to receiving the blame for his colleagues'* mistakes.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
accustomed to |
/əˈkʌstəmd/ |
/əˈkʌstəmd/ |
عادت داشتن به چیزی |
|
blame |
/bleɪm/ |
/bleɪm/ |
ملامت، سرزنش |
|
colleague |
/ˈkɑːliːɡ/ |
/ˈkɒliːɡ/ |
همکار |
He could remain complacent* when less deserving workers were promoted* ahead of him. He could even maintain an air of indifference*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
complacent |
/kəmˈpleɪsnt/ |
/kəmˈpleɪsnt/ |
از خود راضی |
|
deserving |
/dɪˈzɜrːvɪŋ/ |
/dɪˈzɜːvɪŋ/ |
شایسته |
|
promote |
/prəˈmoʊt/ |
/prəˈməʊt/ |
ترفیع دادن |
|
ahead |
/əˈhed/ |
/əˈhed/ |
پیش، جلو |
|
maintain |
/meɪnˈteɪn/ |
/meɪnˈteɪn/ |
نگه داشتن، برقرار داشتن |
|
air of indifference |
/er əv ɪnˈdɪfrəns/ |
/eə əv ɪnˈdɪfrəns/ |
یجور بی‌تفاوتی |
when the young man he had trained now snubbed him. What he could not endure was the ridicule of his fellow employees.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
train |
/treɪn/ |
/treɪn/ |
آموزش دادن |
|
snub |
/snʌb/ |
/snʌb/ |
به سردی برخورد کردن با، محل نگذاشتن به |
|
endure |
/ɪnˈdʊr/ |
/ɪnˈdjʊə/ |
تحمل کردن |
|
ridicule |
/ˈrɪdəkjuːl/ |
/ˈrɪdəkjuːl/ |
تمسخر، ریشخند |
|
fellow |
/ˈfeloʊ/ |
/ˈfeləʊ/ |
هم‌طبقه |
|
employee |
/emplɔɪˈiː/ |
/ˌemplɔɪˈiː/ |
کارمند |
His wrath flamed at the thought that his secret had been exposed. The legend of his honesty had died.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
wrath |
/ræθ/ |
/rɒθ/ |
خشم |
|
flame |
/fleɪm/ |
/fleɪm/ |
زبانه کشیدن، مشتعل شدن |
|
expose |
/ɪkˈspoʊz/ |
/ɪkˈspoʊz/ |
آشکار شدن |
|
legend |
/ˈledʒnd/ |
/ˈledʒnd/ |
افسانه |
|
honesty |
/ˈɑːnəsti/ |
/ˈɒnəsti/ |
درستکاری |
Carl Brown pondered his next move. Should he resign or take even more drastic measures?
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
ponder |
/ˈpɑːndər/ |
/ˈpɒndə/ |
تعمق کردن |
|
resign |
/rɪˈzaɪn/ |
/rɪˈzaɪn/ |
استعفا دادن |
|
drastic measures |
/ˈdræstɪk ˈmeʒərz/ |
/ˈdræstɪk ˈmeʒəz/ |
اقدامات جدی |
His steps led past the wharf where the ships were unloading their cargoes of fruit. He looked into the dark waters and took a deep breath. No, this was not a sin that could be erased.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
His steps led past the wharf |
/wɔːrf/ |
/wɔːf/ |
گام‌هایش از اسکله عبور کرد |
|
wharf |
/wɔːrf/ |
/wɔːf/ |
اسکله |
|
unload |
/ʌnˈloʊd/ |
/ʌnˈləʊd/ |
خالی کردن |
|
cargo |
/ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/ |
/ˈkɑːɡəʊ/ |
بار |
|
take breath |
/teɪk breθ/ |
/teɪk breθ/ |
نفس کشیدن |
|
deep |
/diːp/ |
/diːp/ |
عمیق |
|
erase |
/ɪˈreɪs/ |
/ɪˈreɪz/ |
پاک کردن، از خاطر دور کردن |
He heaved a sigh and determined to amend his ways. Never again would he sign his ballot "Carl Smith."
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
heave |
/hiːv/ |
/hiːv/ |
کشیدن |
|
sigh |
/saɪ/ |
/saɪ/ |
آه |
|
determine |
/dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/ |
/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ |
تصمیم گرفتن |
|
amend |
/əˈmend/ |
/əˈmend/ |
اصلاح کردن |
|
sign |
/saɪn/ |
/saɪn/ |
امضا کردن |
|
ballot |
/ˈbælət/ |
/ˈbælət/ |
تعرفه، برگه رای |
Picture It
Which of the words studied in this lesson is suggested by the picture?
Fill in the Blanks
Place one of the new words in each of the blanks below.
1. When the third person she approached turned away from her, Marilyn had a vague* feeling she was being ___ .(snubbed)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
approach |
/əˈproʊtʃ/ |
/əˈprəʊtʃ/ |
نزدیک شدن به |
|
turn away |
/tɜːrn əˈweɪ/ |
/tɜːn əˈweɪ/ |
روی برگرداندن |
|
vague |
/veɪɡ/ |
/veɪɡ/ |
مبهم، گنگ |
2. Achilles' ___ did not cease* until he had taken revenge on the slayer of his friend.(wrath)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
cease |
/siːs/ |
/siːs/ |
موقوف شدن |
|
revenge |
/rɪˈvendʒ/ |
/rɪˈvendʒ/ |
انتقام |
|
slayer |
/sˈleɪər/ |
/ˈsleɪə/ |
قاتل |
3. As the captain ___ their situation, he realized that resistance* was in vain.*(pondered)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
situation |
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ |
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ |
موقعیت، وضعیت |
|
resistance |
/ rɪˈzɪstns/ |
/ rɪˈzɪstns/ |
ایستادگی، مقاومت |
|
in vain |
/ɪn veɪn/ |
/ɪn veɪn/ |
بیهوده |
4. Father ___ that all forms of gambling should be declared illegal.*(maintained)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
gambling |
/ˈɡæmblɪŋ/ |
/ˈɡæmblɪŋ/ |
قمار، قماربازی |
|
declare |
/dɪˈkler/ |
/dɪˈkleə/ |
اعلان کردن |
|
illegal |
/ɪˈliːɡl/ |
/ɪˈliːɡl/ |
غیرقانونی |
5. The prophet warned that the land cannot ___ such violations of morality.*(endure)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
prophet |
/ˈprɑːfɪt/ |
/ˈprɒfɪt/ |
پیامبر |
|
warn |
/wɔːrn/ |
/wɔːn/ |
اخطار دادن |
|
violation of morality |
/ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn əv məˈræləti/ |
/ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn əv məˈræləti/ |
تجاوز از اخلاقیات |
6. To diminish* the chances of raising weaklings, the ancient Spartans used to ___ to the elements the babies that they did not want.(expose)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
diminish |
/dəˈmɪnɪʃ/ |
/dəˈmɪnɪʃ/ |
کم کردن |
|
raising |
/reɪzɪŋ/ |
/reɪzɪŋ/ |
رشد، افزایش |
|
weakling |
/ˈwiːklɪŋ/ |
/ˈwiːklɪŋ/ |
سست عنصر، ناتوان |
|
ancient |
/ˈeɪnʃnt/ |
/ˈeɪnʃnt/ |
باستانی، قدیمی |
|
element |
/ˈeləmənt/ |
/ˈeləmənt/ |
محیط طبیعی |
7. The Robin Hood stories are a good illustration* of a ___ from the Middle Ages.(legend)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
illustration |
/ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn/ |
/ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn/ |
مثال |
|
Middle Ages |
/ˈmɪdl̩ˈeɪdʒəz/ |
/ˈmɪdl̩ˈeɪdʒɪz/ |
قرون وسطی |
8. The ___ is the symbol* of the democratic way of choosing leaders.(ballot)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
symbol |
/ˈsɪmbl/ |
/ˈsɪmbl/ |
نماد، مظهر |
|
democratic |
/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ |
/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ |
دموکراتیک |
|
leader |
/ˈliːdər/ |
/ˈliːdə/ |
رهبر |
9. Because of the secret nature of the cargo, visits to the area ___ were prohibited.*(wharf)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
cargo |
/ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/ |
/ˈkɑːɡəʊ/ |
بار |
|
prohibit |
/prəˈhɪbɪt/ |
/prəˈhɪbɪt/ |
ممنوع کردن |
10. The patriot* was ___ dying for his deed.(resigned)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
patriot |
/ˈpeɪtriət/ |
/ˈpætriət/ |
میهن‌پرست |
|
dying |
/ˈdaɪɪŋ/ |
/ˈdaɪɪŋ/ |
حالت استمراری die |
|
deed |
/diːd/ |
/diːd/ |
اقدام |
11. We are trying to persuade* the sponsors of the bill to ___ it in order to improve its chances for passage.)amend)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
persuade |
/pərˈsweɪd/ |
/pəˈsweɪd/ |
ترغیب کردن، مجاب کردن |
|
sponsor |
/ˈspɑːnsər/ |
/ˈspɒnsə/ |
اسپانسر، حامی |
|
improve |
/ɪmˈpruːv/ |
/ɪmˈpruːv/ |
بهبودی دادن، بهتر کردن |
|
passage |
/ˈpæsɪdʒ/ |
/ˈpæsɪdʒ/ |
تصویب |
12. The guinea pigs could not put up with ___ changes in their diet.)drastic)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
guinea |
/ˈɡɪni/ |
/ˈɡɪni/ |
کشور گینه در آفریقا |
|
pig |
/pɪɡ/ |
/pɪɡ/ |
خوک |
|
put up |
/pʊtˈəp/ |
/pʊtʌp/ |
تحمل کردن، کنار آمدن |
|
diet |
/ˈdaɪət/ |
/ˈdaɪət/ |
رژیم غذایی |
Creativity Exercise
Now make up your own sentences, one for each of the new words you have just been taught.
Spotlight on
ballot-This method of voting derives its name from the small balls (or stones) that were placed secretly in a box, a practice that is still used in some organizations even today.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
Spotlight |
/ˈspɑːtlaɪt/ |
/ˈspɒtlaɪt/ |
زیر نورافکن قرار دادن، (مجازی) مرکز توجه کردن |
|
ballot |
/ˈbælət/ |
/ˈbælət/ |
تعرفه، برگه رای |
|
derive |
/dɪˈraɪv/ |
/dɪˈraɪv/ |
ریشه‌یابی کردن |
|
ball |
/bɒːl/ |
/bɔːl/ |
گوی |
|
stone |
/stoʊn/ |
/stəʊn/ |
سنگ |
|
secretly |
/ˈsiːkrɪtli/ |
/ˈsiːkrɪtli/ |
مخفیانه |
|
practice |
/ˈpræktɪs/ |
/ˈpræktɪs/ |
روش |
|
organization |
/ˌɔːrɡnəˈzeɪʃn/ |
/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ |
سازمان، تشکیلات |
In city, state, and national elections, voting machines seem to be used in densely populated areas, but in farm towns and small cities, voters still drop their ballots (paper) in a box.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
state |
/steɪt/ |
/steɪt/ |
ایالت |
|
national |
/ˈnæʃnəl/ |
/ˈnæʃnəl/ |
ملی |
|
election |
/ɪˈlekʃn/ |
/ɪˈlekʃn/ |
انتخاب، گزینش |
|
machine |
/məˈʃiːn/ |
/məˈʃiːn/ |
دستگاه |
|
densely populated |
/densliˈpɑːpjəleɪtɪd/ |
/densliˈpɒpjəleɪtɪd/ |
پرجمعیت، پرتراکم از لحاظ جمعیتی |
|
drop |
/drɑːp/ |
/drɒp/ |
انداختن |
