Lesson 1
"All words are pegs to hang ideas on."
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
All words are pegs to hang ideas on |
/peɡ/ |
/peɡ/
|
تمامی واژگان همچون قلاب‌هایی هستند که ما نظرات و عقاید خود را به آنها می‌آویزیم |
|
pegs |
/peɡ/ 1 - eins [de| eins] |
/peɡ/ |
قلاب |
|
hang on |
/ˈhæŋˈɑːn/ |
/hæŋɒn/ |
آویختن |
1. abandon = desert; leave without planning to come back; quit
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
abandon |
/əˈbændən/ |
/əˈbændən/
|
ترک کردن |
|
desert |
/ˈdezərt/ |
/ˈdezət/ |
ترک کردن |
|
come back |
/ˈkəmˈbæk/ |
/kʌmbæk/ |
بازگشتن |
|
quit |
/kwɪt/ |
/kwɪt/ |
ترک کردن |
a. When Roy abandoned his family, the police went looking for him.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
look for |
/ˈlʊkfɔːr/ |
/lʊkfɔː/ |
در جستجوی چیزی بودن |
b. The soldier could not abandon his friends who were hurt in battle.
c. Because Rose was poor, she had to abandon her idea of going to college.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
soldier |
/ˈsoʊldʒər/ |
/ˈsəʊldʒə/ |
سرباز |
|
hurt |
/hɜːrt/ |
/hɜːt/ |
آسیب دیدن |
|
battle |
/ˈbætl/ |
/ˈbætl/ |
جنگ، نبرد |
2. keen = sharp; eager; intense; sensitive
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
keen |
/kiːn/ |
/kiːn/ |
تیز، مشتاق، شدید، حساس، کم |
|
eager |
/ˈiːɡər/ |
/ˈiːɡə/ |
مشتاق |
|
intense |
/ɪnˈtens/ |
/ɪnˈtens/ |
شدید |
|
sensitive |
/ˈsensətɪv/ |
/ˈsensətɪv/ |
حساس |
a. The butcher's keen knife cut through the meat.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
butcher |
/ˈbʊtʃər/ |
/ˈbʊtʃə/ |
قصاب |
|
cut through |
/kʌt θruː/ |
/kʌt θruː/ |
تکه تکه کردن |
b. My dog has a keen sense of smell.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
sense of smell |
/sens əv smel/ |
/sens əv smel/ |
حس بویایی |
c. Bill's keen mind pleased all his teachers.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
please |
/pliːz/ |
/pliːz/ |
خوشنود ساختن |
3. jealous = afraid that the one you love might prefer someone else; wanting what someone else has
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
jealous |
/ˈdʒeləs/ |
/ˈdʒeləs/ |
حسود |
|
afraid |
/əˈfreɪd/ |
/əˈfreɪd/ |
ترسیدن |
|
prefer |
/prɪˈfɜrː/ |
/prɪˈfɜː/ |
ترجیح دادن |
|
else |
/els/ |
/els/ |
دیگر |
a. A detective was hired by the jealous widow to find the boyfriend who had abandoned* her.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
detective |
/dɪˈtektɪv/ |
/dɪˈtektɪv/ |
کارآگاه |
|
hire |
/haɪr/ |
/haɪə/ |
استخدام کردن |
|
widow |
/ˈwɪdoʊ/ |
/ˈwɪdəʊ/ |
بیوه |
|
abandon |
/əˈbændən/ |
/əˈbændən/ |
ترک کردن |
b. Although my neighbor just bought a new car, I am not jealous of him.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
although |
/ɒːlˈðoʊ/ |
/ɔːlˈðəʊ/ |
اگرچه |
|
neighbor |
/ˈneɪbər/ |
/ˈneɪbə/ |
همسایه |
|
just |
/dʒʌst/ |
/dʒʌst/ |
اندکی پیش |
|
bought |
/bɒːt/ |
/bɔːt/ |
زمان گذشته ساده فعل Buy |
c. Being jealous, Mona would not let her boyfriend dance with any of the cheerleaders.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
any of |
/ˈeni/ |
/ˈeni/ |
هیچ یک از |
|
cheerleader |
/ˈtʃɪrˌliːdər/ |
/ˈtʃɪəˌliːdə/ |
لیدرِ تشویق گر، (فرد یا گروهی که به تشویقِ یک تیم ورزشی در مسابقات جهت داده و تشویق تماشاگران را هماهنگ می نماید) |
4. tact = ability to say the right thing
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
tact |
/tækt/ |
/tækt/ |
عقل، تدبیر، کاردانی |
|
ability |
/əˈbɪləti/ |
/əˈbɪləti/ |
توانایی |
a. My aunt never hurts anyone's feelings because she always uses tact.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
hurt |
/hɜːrt/ |
/hɜːrt/ |
آزردن، اذیت کردن، جریحه‌دار کردن |
b. By the use of tact, Janet was able to calm her jealous* husband.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
able |
/ˈeɪbl/ |
/ˈeɪbl/ |
قادر، توانا |
|
calm |
/kɑːm/ |
/kɑːm/ |
آرام کردن |
|
jealous |
/ˈdʒeləs/ |
/ˈdʒeləs/ |
حسود |
c. Your friends will admire you if you use tact and thoughtfulness.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
admire |
/ədˈmaɪr/ |
/ədˈmaɪə/ |
تحسین کردن |
|
thoughtfulness |
/ˈθɑːt.fəl.nəs/ |
/ˈθɔːt.fəl.nəs/ |
بافکری، درایت |
5. oath = a promise that something is true; a curse
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
oath |
/oʊθ/ |
/əʊθ/ |
دشنام، نفرین، سوگند |
|
promise |
/ˈprɑːmɪs/ |
/ˈprɒmɪs/ |
قول |
|
curse |
/kɜːrs/ |
/kɜːs/ |
دشنام، نفرین |
a. The president will take the oath of office tomorrow.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
oath of office |
/oʊθ əv ˈɒːfɪs/ |
/əʊθ əv ˈɒfɪs/ |
سوگند وفاداری به شغل |
b. In court, the witness took an oath that he would tell the whole truth.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
court |
/kɔːrt/ |
/kɔːt/ |
دادگاه |
|
witness |
/ˈwɪtnəs/ |
/ˈwɪtnəs/ |
شاهد |
|
whole |
/hoʊl/ |
/həʊl/ |
همه |
|
truth |
/truːθ/ |
/truːθ/ |
حقیقت |
c. When Terry discovered that he had been abandoned,* he let out an angry oath.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
discover |
/dɪˈskʌvər/ |
/dɪˈskʌvə/ |
پی بردن |
|
abandon |
/əˈbændən/ |
/əˈbændən/ |
ترک کردن |
|
let out |
/let aʊt/ |
/let aʊt/ |
بر زبان راندن |
6. vacant = empty; not filled
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
vacant |
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
خالی |
|
empty |
/ˈempti/ |
/ˈempti/ |
خالی |
|
filled |
/ˈfɪld/ |
/ˈfɪld/ |
پُر |
a. Someone is planning to build a house on that vacant lot.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
lot |
/lɑːt/ |
/lɒt/ |
زمین |
b. I put my coat on that vacant seat.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
coat |
/koʊt/ |
/kəʊt/ |
کُت |
|
seat |
/siːt/ |
/siːt/ |
صندلی |
c. When the landlord broke in, he found that apartment vacant.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
landlord |
/ˈlændlɔːrd/ |
/ˈlændlɔːd/ |
صاحب‌خانه |
|
broke in |
/broʊk ɪn/ |
/brəʊk ɪn/ |
زمان گذشته ساده فعل Break in |
|
break in |
/ˈbreɪk ɪn/ |
/ˈbreɪk ɪn/ |
به زور داخل شدن |
7. hardship = something that is hard to bear; difficulty
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
hardship |
/ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/ |
/ˈhɑːdʃɪp/ |
سختی |
|
bear |
/ber/ |
/beə/ |
تحمل کردن |
|
difficulty |
/ˈdɪfɪklti/ |
/ˈdɪfɪklti/ |
سختی |
a. The fighter had to face many hardships before he became champion.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
fighter |
/ˈfaɪt̬ər/ |
/ˈfaɪt̬ə/ |
مبارز، مشت‌باز |
|
face |
/feɪs/ |
/feɪs/ |
مواجه شدن |
|
champion |
/ˈtʃæmpiən/ |
/ˈtʃæmpiən/ |
قهرمان |
b. Abe Lincoln was able to overcome one hardship after another.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
able |
/ˈeɪbl/ |
/ˈeɪbl/ |
قادر، توانا |
|
overcome |
/ˌoʊvərˈkʌm/ |
/ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ |
غلبه کردن |
|
another |
/əˈnʌðər/ |
/əˈnʌðə/ |
دیگر |
c. On account of hardship, Bert was let out of the army to take care of his sick mother.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
on account of |
/ɑːn əˈkaʊnt əv/ |
/ɒn əˈkaʊnt əv/ |
به دلیلِ |
|
let out |
/let aʊt/ |
/let aʊt/ |
خارج شدن |
|
army |
/ˈɑːrmi/ |
/ˈɑːmi/ |
ارتش |
|
take care of |
/teɪk ker əv/ |
/teɪk keə əv/ |
مراقبت کردن از |
|
sick |
/sɪk/ |
/sɪk/ |
مریض |
8. gallant = brave; showing respect for women
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
gallant |
/ˈɡælənt/ |
/ˈɡælənt/ |
شجاع، دلیر، کسی که به خانم‌ها احترام می‌گذارد |
|
brave |
/breɪv/ |
/breɪv/ |
دلیر |
|
respect |
/rɪˈspekt/ |
/rɪˈspekt/ |
احترام |
a. The pilot swore a gallant oath* to save his buddy.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
pilot |
/ˈpaɪlət/ |
/ˈpaɪlət/ |
خلبان |
|
swore |
/ swɔːr/ |
/swɔː/ |
زمان گذشته ساده فعل Swear |
|
swear |
/swer/ |
/sweə/ |
قسم خوردن |
|
oath |
/oʊθ/ |
/əʊθ/ |
سوگند |
|
buddy |
/ˈbʌdi/ |
/ˈbʌdi/ |
رفیق |
b. Many gallant knights entered the contest to win the princess.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
knight |
/naɪt/ |
/naɪt/ |
شوالیه |
|
enter |
/ˈent̬ər/ |
/ˈent̬ə/ |
وارد شدن |
|
contest |
/ˈkɑːntest/ |
/ˈkɒntest/ |
رقابت |
|
princess |
/ˈprɪnsəs/ |
/ˌprɪnˈses/ |
شاهزاده خانم، پرنسس |
c. Ed is so gallant that he always gives up his subway seat to a woman.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
give up |
/ˈɡɪvˈəp/ |
/ɡɪvʌp/ |
واگذار کردن |
|
subway |
/ˈsʌbweɪ/ |
/ˈsʌbweɪ/ |
مترو |
|
seat |
/siːt/ |
/siːt/ |
صندلی |
9. data = facts; information
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
data |
/ˈdeɪtə/ |
/ˈdeɪtə/ |
داده، اطلاعات |
|
fact |
/fækt/ |
/fækt/ |
اطلاعات |
|
information |
/ɪnfərˈmeɪʃn/ |
/ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃn/ |
اطلاعات |
a. The data about the bank robbery were given to the F.B.I.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
robbery |
/ˈrɑːbəri/ |
/ˈrɒbəri/ |
دزدی، سرقت |
b. After studying the data, we were able to finish our report.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
report |
/rɪˈpɔːrt/ |
/rɪˈpɔːt/ |
گزارش |
c. Unless you are given all the data, you cannot do the math problem.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
unless |
/ʌnˈles/ |
/ʌnˈles/ |
مگراینکه |
|
math |
/mæθ/ |
/mæθ/ |
ریاضی |
10. unaccustomed = not used to something
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
unaccustomed |
/ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd/ |
/ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd/ |
خونگرفته، عادت نکرده |
|
used to |
/juːzd/ |
/juːzd/ |
عادت کرده |
a. Coming from Alaska, Claude was unaccustomed to Florida's heat.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
coming from |
/ˈkʌmɪŋ frəm/ |
/ˈkʌmɪŋ frəm/ |
اهل جایی بودن |
|
heat |
/hiːt/ |
/hiːt/ |
گرما |
b. The king was unaccustomed to having people disobey him.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
king |
/kɪŋ/ |
/kɪŋ/ |
پادشاه |
|
disobey |
/ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/ |
/ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/ |
نافرمانی کردن، سرپیچی کردن |
c. Unaccustomed as he was to exercise, Vic quickly became tired.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
as |
/əz/ |
/əz/ |
چون |
|
quickly |
/ˈkwɪkli/ |
/ˈkwɪkli/ |
فوراً |
11. bachelor = a man who has not married
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
bachelor |
/ˈbætʃlər/ |
/ˈbætʃlə/ |
مرد مجرد |
a. My brother took an oath* to remain a bachelor.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
take an oath |
/teɪk oʊθ/ |
/teɪk əʊθ/ |
سوگند یاد کردن |
|
remain |
/rɪˈmeɪn/ |
/rɪˈmeɪn/ |
باقی ماندن |
b. In the movie, the married man was mistaken for a bachelor.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
mistaken |
/məˈsteɪkən/ |
/məˈsteɪkən/ |
قسمت سوم فعل mistake |
|
mistake |
/məˈsteɪk/ |
/məˈsteɪk/ |
اشتباه کردن، درست نفهمیدن |
c. Before the wedding, all his bachelor friends had a party.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
wedding |
/ˈwedɪŋ/ |
/ˈwedɪŋ/ |
عروسی |
12. qualify = become fit; show that you are able
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
qualify |
/ˈkwɑːləfaɪ/ |
/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ |
حائز شرایط شدن، صلاحیت داشتن |
|
become fit |
/bɪˈkʌm fɪt/ |
/bɪˈkʌm fɪt/ |
شایستگی داشتن، واجد شرایط بودن |
a. I am trying to qualify for the job that is now vacant.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
vacant |
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
خالی |
b. Since Pauline can't carry a tune, she is sure that she will never qualify for the Girls' Chorus.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
Since |
/sɪns/ |
/sɪns/ |
چون که |
|
carry a tune |
/ˈkæri ə tuːn/ |
/ˈkæri ə tjuːn/ |
هم‌صدایی کردن با گروه |
|
never |
/ˈnevər/ |
/ˈnevə/ |
هرگز |
|
Chorus |
/ˈkɔːrəs/ |
/ˈkɔːrəs/ |
دسته خوانندگان |
c. You have to be taller than 5 15" to qualify as a policeman in our town.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
policeman |
/pəˈliːsmən/ |
/pəˈliːsmən/ |
مامور پلیس |
|
town |
/taʊn/ |
/taʊn/ |
شهر |
Words in Use
Read the following passage to see how the new words are used in it.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
following |
/ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/ |
/ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ |
زیر |
|
passage |
/ˈpæsɪdʒ/ |
/ˈpæsɪdʒ/ |
متن |
My Brother, the Gentleman
The story of Sir Walter Raleigh, who spread his cloak on the ground to keep Queen Elizabeth from the hardship of crossing a muddy puddle,
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
gentleman |
/ˈdʒentlmən/ |
/ˈdʒentlmən/ |
شخص محترم |
|
spread |
/spred/ |
/spred/ |
پهن کردن |
|
cloak |
/kloʊk/ |
/kləʊk/ |
شنل |
|
keep from |
/kiːp frəm/
|
/kiːp frəm/ |
مانع شدن از انجام دادن کاری یا بوقوع پیوستن چیزی |
|
hardship |
/ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/ |
/ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/ |
سختی |
|
crossing |
/ˈkrɑːsɪŋ/ |
/ˈkrɒsɪŋ/ |
عبور |
|
muddy |
/ˈmʌdi/ |
/ˈmʌdi/ |
گل‌آلود |
|
puddle |
/ˈpʌdl/ |
/ˈpʌdl/ |
گودال، چاله |
can qualify that nobleman for an award as a man of tact and good breeding.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
qualify |
/ˈkwɑːləfaɪ/ |
/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ |
حائز شرایط شدن، صلاحیت داشتن |
|
nobleman |
/ˈnoʊblmən/ |
/ˈnəʊblmən/ |
نجیب‌زاده |
|
award |
/əˈwɔːrd/ |
/əˈwɔːd/ |
جایزه |
|
as |
/əz/ |
/əz/ |
به‌عنوان |
|
tact |
/tækt/ |
/tækt/ |
عقل، تدبیر، کاردانی |
|
good breeding |
/ɡʊd ˈbriːdɪŋ/ |
/ɡʊd ˈbriːdɪŋ/ |
ادب، تربیت |
My brother Kenny, a bachelor with a keen interest in history, was impressed by that anecdote and thought he might demonstrate his excellent upbringing in a parallel situation.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
interest |
/ˈɪntrɪst/ |
/ˈɪntrɪst/ |
علاقه |
|
impress |
/ɪmˈpres/ |
/ɪmˈpres/ |
تحت تاثیر قرار دادن |
|
anecdote |
/ˈænɪkdoʊt/ |
/ˈænɪkdəʊt/ |
حکایت |
|
thought |
/θɒːt/ |
/θɔːt/ |
گمان، فکر |
|
demonstrate |
/ˈdemənstreɪt/ |
/ˈdemənstreɪt/ |
نشان دادن، اثبات کردن |
|
excellent |
/ˈekslənt/ |
/ˈekslənt/ |
عالی |
|
upbringing |
/ˈʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ/ |
/ˈʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ/ |
تربیت |
|
parallel |
/ˈpærəlel/ |
/ˈpærəlel/ |
مشابه |
|
situation |
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ |
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ |
موقعیت |
Accordingly he decided to abandon his subway seat in favor of a woman standing nearby.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
Accordingly |
/əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/ |
/əˈkɔːdɪŋli/ |
بنابراین |
|
decide |
/dɪˈsaɪd/ |
/dɪˈsaɪd/ |
تصمیم گرفتن |
|
abandon |
/əˈbændən/ |
/əˈbændən/ |
ترک کردن |
|
subway |
/ˈsʌbweɪ/ |
/ˈsʌbweɪ/ |
مترو |
|
seat |
/siːt/ |
/siːt/ |
صندلی |
|
in favor of |
/ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv/ |
/ɪn ˈfeɪvə əv/ |
به نفعِ |
|
nearby |
/ˌnɪrˈbaɪ/ |
/ˈnɪəbaɪ/ |
این نزدیکی‌ها |
Although unaccustomed to such generous treatment, the young woman was pleased to accept Kenny's kind offer.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
although |
/ɒːlˈðoʊ/ |
/ɔːlˈðəʊ/ |
اگرچه |
|
unaccustomed |
/ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd/ |
/ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd/ |
خونگرفته، عادت نکرده |
|
generous |
/ˈdʒenrəs/ |
/ˈdʒenrəs/ |
بلندنظر، از حد معمول بزرگتر یا بیشتر |
|
treatment |
/ˈtriːtmənt/ |
/ˈtriːtmənt/ |
رفتار |
|
please |
/pliːz/ |
/pliːz/ |
خوشنود ساختن |
|
accept |
/əkˈsept/ |
/əkˈsept/ |
پذیرفتن |
|
kind |
/kaɪnd/ |
/kaɪnd/ |
بامحبت، مهربانانه |
|
offer |
/ˈɒːfər/ |
/ˈɒfə/ |
پیشنهاد |
However, her jealous boyfriend swore an oath under his breath because he thought my brother was flirting with his girlfriend.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
however |
/ˌhaʊˈevər/ |
/ˌhaʊˈevə/ |
اگرچه |
|
jealous |
/ˈdʒeləs/ |
/ˈdʒeləs/ |
حسود |
|
swore
|
/ swɔːr/ |
/swɔː/ |
زمان گذشته ساده فعل Swear |
|
swear |
/swer/ |
/sweə/ |
دشنام |
|
oath |
/oʊθ/ |
/əʊθ/ |
سوگند |
|
under |
/ˈʌndər/ |
/ˈʌndə/ |
در زیر |
|
breath |
/breθ/ |
/breθ/ |
لب(زیر لب دشنام گفتن) |
|
thought |
/θɒːt/ |
/θɔːt/ |
زمان گذشته ساده فعل Think |
|
flirting |
/flɜːrt/ |
/flɜːt/ |
لاس زدن |
I don't have any data on the number of young men who get into similar trouble as a result of a gallant gesture, but it's probably one in a thousand.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
get into |
/ɡet ˈɪntə/ |
/ɡet ˈɪntə/ |
وارد بحث یا فعالیتی شدن |
|
similar |
/ˈsɪmələr/ |
/ˈsɪmələ/ |
مشابه |
|
trouble |
/ˈtrʌbl/ |
/ˈtrʌbl/ |
مصیبت، گرفتاری |
|
as a result of |
/rɪˈzʌlt/ |
/rɪˈzʌlt/ |
در نتیجه‌ی، بخاطرِ |
|
gallant |
/ˈɡælənt/ |
/ˈɡælənt/ |
جنتلمن |
|
gesture |
/ˈdʒestʃər/ |
/ˈdʒestʃə/ |
حرکت، رفتار |
|
probably |
/ˈprɑːbəbli/ |
/ˈprɒbəbli/ |
محتملا، شاید |
Poor Kenny! He pointed to the now vacant seat.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
poor |
/pʊr/ |
/pɔː/ |
بیچاره |
|
point |
/pɔɪnt/ |
/pɔɪnt/ |
اشاره کردن |
|
vacant |
/ˈveɪkənt/
|
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
خالی |
|
now vacant seat |
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
صندلی ایی که اکنون خالی است |
Picture It
Which of the words studied in this lesson is suggested by the picture?
Fill in the Blanks
Place one of the new words in each of the blanks below.
1. As I looked at all the ____ the salesman showed me, I knew that I was getting more and more mixed up. )data)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
blank |
/blæŋk/ |
/blæŋk/ |
جای خالی |
|
place |
/pleɪs/ |
/pleɪs/ |
جایگذاری کردن |
|
below |
/bɪˈloʊ/ |
/bɪˈləʊ/ |
پایین |
|
as |
/əz/ |
/əz/ |
هنگامی‌که |
|
salesman |
/ˈseɪlzmən/ |
/ˈseɪlzmən/ |
فروشنده |
|
mixed up |
/ˈmɪkst ˈəp/ |
/mɪkst ʌp/ |
سردرگم، گیج |
2. I used ____ when I told my fat uncle that his extra weight made him look better. (tact)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
extra |
/ˈekstrə/ |
/ˈekstrə/ |
زیادی |
|
weight |
/weɪt/ |
/weɪt/ |
وزن |
|
better |
/ˈbet̬ər/ |
/ˈbet̬ə/ |
بهتر |
3. When the guard saw that the cot was ____, he realized that the prisoner had left the jail. (vacant)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
guard |
/ɡɑːrd/ |
/ɡɑːd/ |
نگهبان |
|
cot |
/kɑːt/ |
/kɒt/ |
برانکار، تخت‌خواب سفری |
|
realize |
/ˈrɪəlaɪz/ |
/ˈrɪəlaɪz/ |
فهمیدن |
|
prisoner |
/ˈprɪznər/ |
/ˈprɪznə/ |
زندانی |
|
jail |
/dʒeɪl/ |
/dʒeɪl/ |
زندان |
4. Although he took an ____ on the Bible, Sal lied to the jury. (oath)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
although |
/ɒːlˈðoʊ/ |
/ɔːlˈðəʊ/ |
گرچه |
|
Bible |
/ˈbaɪbl/ |
/ˈbaɪbl/ |
انجیل |
|
lie |
/laɪ/ |
/laɪ/ |
دروغ گفتن |
|
jury |
/ˈdʒʊri/ |
/ˈdʒʊəri/ |
هیئت منصفه‌ی دادگاه، ژوری |
5. My aunt was so ____ of our new couch that she bought one just like it. (jealous)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
couch |
/kaʊtʃ/ |
/kaʊtʃ/ |
مبل راحتی، کاناپه |
|
bought |
/bɒːt/ |
/bɔːt/ |
زمان گذشته ساده فعل Buy |
|
just like it |
/dʒəst/ |
/dʒəst/ |
درست مثل اون |
6. I enjoyed reading the story of the ____ man who put his cloak over a mud puddle so that the queen would not dirty her feet. (gallant)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
enjoy |
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ |
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ |
لذت بردن |
|
cloak |
/kloʊk/ |
/kləʊk/ |
شنل |
|
over |
/ˈoʊvər/ |
/ˈəʊvə/ |
رویِ |
|
mud |
/mʌd/ |
/mʌd/ |
گِل |
|
puddle |
/ˈpʌdl/ |
/ˈpʌdl/ |
گودال، چاله |
|
so that |
/soʊ ðæt/ |
/səʊ ðæt/ |
به‌منظور اینکه |
|
queen |
/kwiːn/ |
/kwiːn/ |
ملکه |
|
dirty |
/ˈdɜrːt̬i/ |
/ˈdɜːti/ |
کثیف کردن |
|
feet |
/fiːt/ |
/fiːt/ |
پا |
7. The loss of Claudia's eyesight was a ____ which she learned to live with. (hardship)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
eyesight |
/ˈaɪsaɪt/ |
/ˈaɪsaɪt/ |
بینایی |
|
live with |
/lɪv wɪð/ |
/lɪv wɪð/ |
تحمل کردن، ساختن با، تاب آوردن |
8. The driver was forced to ____ his car when two of the tires became flat. (abandon)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
force |
/ fɔːrs/ |
/ fɔːs/ |
مجبور شدن |
|
tire |
/ taɪr/ |
/ taɪə/ |
لاستیک |
|
flat |
/ flæt/ |
/ flæt/ |
صاف |
|
become flat |
/bɪˈkʌm flæt/ |
/bɪˈkʌm flæt/ |
پنچر شدن |
9. Betty could not ____ for the Miss Teenage America Contest because she was twenty years old. (qualify)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
contest |
/ˈkɑːntest/ |
/ˈkɒntest/ |
مسابقه |
10. The blade was so ____ that I cut myself in four places while shaving. (keen)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
blade |
/bleɪd/ |
/bleɪd/ |
تیغه |
|
cut |
/kʌt/ |
/kʌt/ |
بریدن |
|
while |
/waɪl/ |
/waɪl/ |
در حینِ |
|
shaving |
/ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/ |
/ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/ |
اصلاح، صورت تراشی |
11. ____ to being kept waiting, the angry woman marched out of the store. (unaccustomed)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
kept waiting |
/kept ˈweɪtɪŋ/ |
/kept ˈweɪtɪŋ/ |
مان گذشته ساده فعل keep waiting |
|
keep waiting |
/kiːp ˈweɪtɪŋ/ |
/kiːp ˈweɪtɪŋ/ |
الاف ماندن، منتظر ماندن |
|
march out |
/mɑːrtʃ aʊt/ |
/mɑːtʃ aʊt/ |
با عصبانیت خارج شدن |
12. Because he was a ____, the movie actor was invited to many parties. (bachelor)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
actor |
/ˈæktər/ |
/ˈæktə/ |
بازیگر |
|
invite |
/ɪnˈvaɪt/ |
/ɪnˈvaɪt/ |
دعوت کردن |
Word Detective
From the list of 12 new words that follows, choose the one that corresponds to each definition below.
|
abandon |
keen |
data |
tact |
|
oath |
vacant |
hardship |
gallant |
|
jealous |
unaccustomed |
bachelor |
qualify |
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
abandon |
/əˈbændən/ |
/əˈbændən/ |
ترک کردن |
|
oath |
/oʊθ/ |
/əʊθ/ |
دشنام، نفرین، سوگند |
|
jealous |
/ˈdʒeləs/ |
/ˈdʒeləs/ |
حسود |
|
keen |
/kiːn/ |
/kiːn/ |
تیز، مشتاق، شدید، حساس، کم |
|
vacant |
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
/ˈveɪkənt/ |
خالی |
|
unaccustomed |
/ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd/ |
/ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd/ |
خونگرفته، عادت نکرده |
|
data |
/ˈdeɪtə/ |
/ˈdeɪtə/ |
داده، اطلاعات |
|
hardship |
/ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/ |
/ˈhɑːdʃɪp/ |
سختی |
|
bachelor |
/ˈbætʃlər/ |
/ˈbætʃələ/ |
مرد مجرد |
|
tact |
/tækt/ |
/tækt/ |
عقل، تدبیر، کاردانی |
|
gallant |
/ˈɡælənt/ |
/ˈɡælənt/ |
شجاع، دلیر، کسی که به خانم‌ها احترام می‌گذارد |
|
qualify |
/ˈkwɑːləfaɪ/ |
/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ |
حائز شرایط شدن، صلاحیت داشتن |
1. a promise that something is true (oath)
2. sharp; eager; intense (keen)
3. to desert; to leave without planning to come back (abandon)
4. something that is hard to bear (hardship)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
promise |
/ˈprɑːmɪs/ |
/ˈprɒmɪs/ |
وعده، قول |
|
eager |
/ˈiːɡər/ |
/ˈiːɡə/ |
مشتاق |
|
intense |
/ɪnˈtens/ |
/ɪnˈtens/ |
شدید |
|
desert |
/ˈdezərt/ |
/ˈdezət/ |
ترک کردن |
|
bear |
/ber/ |
/beə/ |
تحمل کردن |
5. to become fit (qualify)
6. wanting what someone else has (jealous)
7. brave; showing respect for women (gallant)
8. a man who has not married (bachelor)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
become fit |
/bɪˈkʌm fɪt/ |
/bɪˈkʌm fɪt/ |
شایستگی داشتن، واجد شرایط بودن |
|
brave |
/breɪv/ |
/breɪv/ |
دلیر، شجاع |
|
respect |
/rɪˈspekt/ |
/rɪˈspekt/ |
احترام |
9. facts; information (data)
10. the ability to say the right thing (tact)
11. empty; not filled (vacant)
12. not used to something (unaccustomed)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
fact |
/fækt/ |
/fækt/ |
اطلاعات |
|
ability |
/əˈbɪləti/ |
/əˈbɪləti/ |
توانایی |
|
used to |
/juːzd/ |
/juːzd/ |
عادت کرده |
Spotlight On
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
Spotlight |
/ˈspɑːtlaɪt/ |
/ˈspɒtlaɪt/ |
زیر نورافکن قرار دادن، (مجازی) مرکز توجه کردن |
abandon-This is an interesting word with a French background; in that language it meant "to put under another's control," hence, "to give up.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
abandon |
/əˈbændən/ |
/əˈbændən/ |
ترک کردن |
|
background |
/ˈbækɡraʊnd/ |
/ˈbækɡraʊnd/ |
زمینه، سابقه |
|
meant |
/ment/ |
/ment/ |
زمان گذشته ساده فعل Mean |
|
under |
/ˈʌndər/ |
/ˈʌndə/ |
تحت تسلط |
|
put under another's control |
/kənˈtroʊl/ |
/kənˈtrəʊl/ |
تحت کنترل فرد دیگری بودن |
|
hence |
/hens/ |
/hens/ |
از این رو |
|
give up |
/ˈɡɪvˈəp/ |
/ɡɪvʌp/ |
تسلیم شدن |
" In Lesson 19 you will find the new word ban, and may discover how it is related to abandon. A good dictionary will also show you the connection with other words such as bandit and contraband.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
ban |
/bæn/ |
/bæn/ |
سد، مانع |
|
discover |
/dɪˈskʌvər/ |
/dɪˈskʌvə/ |
پی بردن |
|
related |
/rɪˈleɪtɪd/ |
/rɪˈleɪtɪd/ |
مربوط، وابسته |
|
connection |
/kəˈnekʃn/ |
/kəˈnekʃn/ |
ارتباط |
|
such as |
/sʌtʃ əz/ |
/sʌtʃ əz/ |
همچون، از قبیل |
|
bandit |
/ˈbændɪt/ |
/ˈbændɪt/ |
راهزن |
|
contraband
|
/ˈkɑːntrəbænd/ |
/ˈkɒntrəbænd/ |
قاچاق |
