Lesson 21
"In a multitude of words there will certainly be error."
-Chinese proverb
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
multitude |
/ˈmʌltətuːd/ |
/ˈmʌltɪtjuːd / |
گروه بسیار، جمعیت کثیر |
|
certainly |
/ˈsɜrːtnli/ |
/ˈsɜːtnli/ |
مطمئناً، به‌یقین |
|
error |
/ˈerər/ |
/ˈerə/ |
خطا |
|
proverb |
/ˈprɑːvɜːrb/ |
/ˈprɒvɜːb/ |
ضرب المثل |
1. plea = request; appeal; that which is asked of another
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
plea |
/pliː/ |
/pliː/ |
درخواست، تقاضا |
|
request |
/rɪˈkwest/ |
/rɪˈkwest/ |
درخواست، تقاضا |
|
appeal |
/əˈpiːl/ |
/əˈpiːl/ |
درخواست |
a. The employees* turned in a plea to their boss for higher pay.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
employee |
/ˌemplɔɪˈiː/ |
/ˌemplɔɪˈiː/ |
کارمند، مستخدم |
|
turn in |
/tɜːrn ɪn / |
/tɜːn ɪn/ |
دادن، تحویل دادن |
|
higher |
/ˈhaɪər/ |
/ˈhaɪə/ |
بیشتر |
|
pay |
/peɪ/ |
/peɪ/ |
حقوق ماهیانه |
b. The president's plea to release the captives* was denied by the enemy.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
release |
/rɪˈliːs/ |
/rɪˈliːs/ |
آزاد کردن |
|
captive |
/ˈkæptɪv/ |
/ˈkæptɪv/ |
اسیر |
|
deny |
/dɪˈnaɪ/ |
/dɪˈnaɪ/ |
رد کردن، انکار کردن |
c. In court today, the judge consented* to the lawyer's plea for a light sentence.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
court |
/kɔːrt/ |
/kɔːt/ |
دادگاه |
|
judge |
/dʒʌdʒ/ |
/dʒʌdʒ/ |
قاضی |
|
consent |
/kənˈsent/ |
/kənˈsent/ |
موافقت کردن، راضی شدن |
|
lawyer |
/ˈlɒːjər/ |
/ˈlɔːjə/ |
وکیل |
|
light |
/laɪt/ |
/laɪt/ |
اندک |
|
sentence |
/ˈsentns/ |
/ˈsentns/ |
حکم |
2. weary = tired
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
weary |
/ˈwɪri/ |
/ˈwɪəri/ |
خسته |
|
tired |
/taɪrd/ |
/taɪəd/ |
خسته |
a. I am weary of debating* the same topic* all day.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
debate |
/dɪˈbeɪt/ |
/dɪˈbeɪt/ |
مناظره کردن، مباحثه کردن |
|
same |
/seɪm/ |
/seɪm/ |
یکسان، یکنواخت |
|
topic |
/ˈtɑːpɪk/ |
/ˈtɒpɪk/ |
موضوع |
b. The farmer grew weary of bringing in the harvest* every year for the past forty summers.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
farmer |
/ˈfɑːrmər/ |
/ˈfɑːrmə/ |
کشاورز |
|
bring in |
/ˈbrɪŋɪn/ |
/ˈbrɪŋɪn/ |
ارائه دادن، عرضه کردن |
|
harvest |
/ˈhɑːrvəst/ |
/ˈhɑːvɪst/ |
محصول |
|
past forty summer |
/pæst ˈfɔːrti ˈsʌmər/ |
/pɑːst ˈfɔːti ˈsʌmə/ |
چهل سال گذشته |
c. Let me rest my weary bones here before the march commences.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
bone |
/boʊn/ |
/bəʊn/ |
استخوان |
|
march |
/mɑːrtʃ/ |
/mɑːtʃ/ |
راه پیمایی، قدم رو |
|
commence |
/kəˈmens/ |
/kəˈmens/ |
شروع کردن |
3. collide = come together with force
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
collide |
/kəˈlaɪd/ |
/kəˈlaɪd/ |
تصادم کردن، به‌هم خوردن |
|
come together |
/kʌm təˈɡeðər/ |
/kʌm təˈɡeðə/ |
برخورد کردن |
a. When the two autos collided, the people in the fragile* smaller car perished.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
fragile |
/ˈfrædʒl/ |
/ˈfrædʒaɪl/ |
شکننده |
|
perish |
/ˈperɪʃ/ |
/ˈperɪʃ/ |
مردن |
b. Committees are exploring* ways of keeping cars from colliding.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
committee |
/kəˈmɪti/ |
/kəˈmɪti/ |
هیئت یا کمیته، کمیسیون |
|
explore |
/ɪkˈsplɔːr/ |
/ɪkˈsplɔː/ |
کاوش کردن |
c. In my estimate* the two bicycles collided at five o'clock.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
estimate |
/ˈes.tə.meɪt/ |
/ˈes.tə.meɪt/ |
برآورد، تخمین |
4. confirm = prove to be true or correct; make certain
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
confirm |
/kənˈfɜrːm/ |
/kənˈfɜːm/ |
تأیید کردن، تصدیق کردن |
|
prove |
/pruːv/ |
/pruːv/ |
ثابت کردن |
|
make certain |
/meɪk ˈsɜrːtn/ |
/meɪk ˈsɜːtn/ |
اطمینان حاصل کردن، مطمئن شدن |
a. The way Victor talked back to his mother confirmed that he was defiant.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
talk back |
/tɒːk bæk/ |
/tɔːk bæk/ |
حاضر جوابی کردن، تو روی کسی ایستادن |
|
defiant |
/dɪˈfaɪənt/ |
/dɪˈfaɪənt/ |
مخالف، بدگمان |
b. A probe* of the criminal's background confirmed that he had been in jail numerous* times.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
probe |
/proʊb/ |
/prəʊb/ |
جستجو، کاوش، تحقیق |
|
criminal |
/ˈkrɪmɪnl/ |
/ˈkrɪmɪnl/ |
جانی، جنایتکار |
|
background |
/ˈbækɡraʊnd/ |
/ˈbækɡraʊnd/ |
سابقه، زمینه |
|
jail |
/dʒeɪl/ |
/dʒeɪl/ |
زندان |
|
numerous |
/ˈnuːmərəs/ |
/ˈnjuːmrəs/ |
متعدد، فراوان |
c. Years of research confirmed the theory* that smoking is harmful.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
research |
/ˈriːsɜrːtʃ/ |
/ˈriːsɜrːtʃ/ |
تحقیق، پژوهش |
|
harmful |
/ˈhɑːrmfl/ |
/ˈhɑːmfl/ |
مضر |
5. verify = prove to be true; confirm*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
verify |
/ˈverɪfaɪ/ |
/ˈverɪfaɪ/ |
تأیید کردن، تصدیق کردن |
|
prove |
/pruːv/ |
/pruːv/ |
ثابت کردن |
|
confirm |
/kənˈfɜrːm/ |
/kənˈfɜːm/ |
تأیید کردن، تصدیق کردن |
a. A "yes man" is an employee* who will verify everything the boss says.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
yes man |
/ˈjesˈmæn/ |
/ˈjesˈmæn/ |
آدم بله قربان گو |
|
employee |
/ˌemplɔɪˈiː/ |
/ˌemplɔɪˈiː/ |
کارمند، مستخدم |
b. I was there as a witness to verify the charges against the bus driver.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
as |
/əz/ |
/əz/ |
به عنوان |
|
witness |
/ˈwɪtnəs/ |
/ˈwɪtnəs/ |
شاهد |
|
charge |
/tʃɑːrdʒ/ |
/tʃɑːdʒ/ |
اتهام |
|
against |
/əˈɡenst/ |
/əˈɡenst/ |
بر ضد، مخالف |
c. The data* I turned in were verified by the clerks in our office.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
data |
/ˈdeɪtə/ |
/ˈdeɪtə/ |
داده، اطلاعات |
|
turn in |
/tɜːrn ɪn / |
/tɜːn ɪn/ |
دادن، تحویل دادن |
|
clerk |
/klɜːrk/ |
/klɑːk/ |
دفتردار، کارمند |
6. anticipate = look forward to; expect
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
anticipate |
/ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/ |
/ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/ |
بی‌صبرانه منتظر بودن، پیش بینی کردن |
|
look forward to |
/lʊk ˈfɔːrwərd tə/ |
/lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tə/ |
چشم انتظار بودن |
|
expect |
/ɪkˈspekt/ |
/ɪkˈspekt/ |
چشم داشتن، انتظار داشتن |
a. We anticipate a panic* if the news is revealed* to the public.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
panic |
/ˈpænɪk/ |
/ˈpænɪk/ |
وحشت، اضطراب و ترس ناگهانی |
|
reveal |
/rɪˈviːl/ |
/rɪˈviːl/ |
آشکار شدن، فاش شدن |
|
public |
/ˈpʌblɪk/ |
/ˈpʌblɪk/ |
عموم |
b. Harriet anticipated the approach* of the mailman with fright.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
approach |
/əˈproʊtʃ/ |
/əˈprəʊtʃ/ |
راه |
|
mailman |
/ˈmeɪlmæn/ |
/ˈmeɪlmæn/ |
نامه رسان |
|
fright |
/fraɪt/ |
/fraɪt/ |
ترس |
c. With his weird* powers, Lonnie was able to anticipate the ringing of the telephone.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
weird |
/wɪrd/ |
/wɪəd/ |
عجیب، خارق‌العاده |
|
ringing |
/rɪŋɪŋ/ |
/rɪŋɪŋ/ |
زنگ تلفن |
7. dilemma = situation requiring a choice between two evils; a difficult choice
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
dilemma |
/dəˈlemə/ |
/dəˈlemə/ |
دوراهی، مخمصه |
|
situation |
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ |
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ |
موقعیت، وضعیت |
|
require |
/rɪˈkwaɪr/ |
/rɪˈkwaɪə/ |
لازم داشتن |
|
evil |
/ˈiːvl/ |
/ˈiːvl/ |
بدی، زیان |
a. It is sensible not to panic* in the face of a dilemma.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
sensible |
/ˈsensəbl/ |
/ˈsensəbl/ |
معقول |
|
face |
/feɪs/ |
/feɪs/ |
مواجه شدن |
b. Lottie faced the dilemma of whether to approve of the operation or not.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
whether |
/ˈweðər/ |
/ˈweðə/ |
آیا |
|
approve |
/əˈpruːv/ |
/əˈpruːv/ |
موافقت کردن |
|
operation |
/ˌɑːpəˈreɪʃn/ |
/ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ |
جراحی |
c. In "The Lady or the Tiger," the hero had the dilemma of which door to open.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
tiger |
/ˈtaɪɡər/ |
/ˈtaɪɡə/ |
ببر، پلنگ |
|
hero |
/ˈhɪroʊ/ |
/ˈhɪərəʊ/ |
قهرمان |
8. detour = a roundabout way
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
detour |
/ˈdiːtʊr/ |
/ˈdiːtʊə/ |
راه فرعی |
|
roundabout |
/ˈraʊndəbaʊt/ |
/ˈraʊndəbaʊt/ |
فرعی |
a. Pop was uneasy* about taking the detour in this strange town.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
uneasy |
/ʌnˈiːzi/ |
/ʌnˈiːzi/ |
ناراحت، مضطرب |
|
strange |
/streɪndʒ/ |
/streɪndʒ/ |
بیگانه، غریبه |
|
town |
/taʊn/ |
/taʊn/ |
شهر |
b. In order to evade* city traffic, Anthony took a detour.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
evade |
/ɪˈveɪd/ |
/ɪˈveɪd/ |
طفره زدن از، گریز زدن از |
|
traffic |
/ˈtræfɪk/ |
/ˈtræfɪk/ |
ترافیک |
c. The detour took us ten miles off our course.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
take |
/teɪk/ |
/teɪk/ |
کسر کردن، کاستن |
|
ten miles off |
/ten ˈmaɪlz ɒːf/ |
/ten ˈmaɪlz ɒːf/ |
ده مایل کمتر |
|
course |
/kɔːrs/ |
/kɔːs/ |
دوره، مسیر |
9. merit = goodness; worth; value
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
merit |
/ˈmerɪt/ |
/ˈmerɪt/ |
ارزش، ارزش داشتن، نیکویی، شایستگی |
|
goodness |
/ˈɡʊdnəs/ |
/ˈɡʊdnəs/ |
خوبی، نیکی |
|
worth |
/wɜːrθ/ |
/wɜːθ/ |
ارزش |
|
value |
/ˈvæljuː/ |
/ˈvæljuː/ |
ارزش |
a. There is little merit in lying to those you love.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
lying |
/ˈlaɪɪŋ/ |
/ˈlaɪɪŋ/ |
درغگویی |
b. My brother was promoted because of merit, not because of friendship.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
promote |
/prəˈmoʊt/ |
/prəˈməʊt/ |
ترفیع دادن |
|
friendship |
/ˈfrendʃɪp/ |
/ˈfrendʃɪp/ |
دوستی، رفاقت |
c. I can't see any merit in your proposal.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
proposal |
/prəˈpoʊzl/ |
/prəˈpəʊzl/ |
طرح پیشنهادی |
10. transmit = send over; pass on; pass along; let through
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
transmit |
/trænsˈmɪt/ |
/trænzˈmɪt/ |
انتقال دادن، فرستادن |
|
send over |
/sendˈoʊvər/ |
/sendˈəʊvə/ |
فرستادن |
|
pass on |
/pæs ɑːn/ |
/pɑːs ɒn/ |
فرستادن، انتقال دادن |
|
pass along |
/pæs əˈlɒːŋ/ |
/pɑːs əˈlɒŋ/ |
انتقال دادن |
|
let through |
/let θruː/ |
/let θruː/ |
انتقال دادن |
a. Garcia's message was transmitted to the appropriate* people.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
message |
/ˈmesɪdʒ/ |
/ˈmesɪdʒ/ |
پیغام |
|
appropriate |
/əˈproʊpriət/ |
/əˈprəʊpriət/ |
درخور، مناسب |
b. Scientists can now transmit messages from space vessels* to earth.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
scientist |
/ˈsaɪəntɪst/ |
/ˈsaɪəntɪst/ |
دانشمند |
|
space vessel |
/speɪs ˈvesl/ |
/speɪs ˈvesl/ |
سفینه فضایی |
|
earth |
/ɜːrθ/ |
/ɜːθ/ |
زمین |
c. Our local radio station does not transmit broadcasts after midnight.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
local |
/ˈloʊkl/ |
/ˈləʊkl/ |
محلی |
|
radio station |
/ˈreɪdioʊ ˈsteɪʃn/ |
/ˈreɪdiəʊ ˈsteɪʃn/ |
ایستگاه رادیویی |
|
broadcast |
/ˈbrɒːdkæst/ |
/ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/ |
پخش برنامه، برنامه ی رادیویی |
|
midnight |
/ˈmɪdnaɪt/ |
/ˈmɪdnaɪt/ |
نیمه شب |
11. relieve = make less; make easier; reduce the pain of; replace; release; free
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
relieve |
/rɪˈliːv/ |
/rɪˈliːv/ |
فرونشاندن، کم کردن درد، آزاد کردن، جایگزین کردن |
|
easier |
/ˈiːziər/ |
/ˈiːziə/ |
آسان تر |
|
reduce |
/rɪˈduːs/ |
/rɪˈdjuːs/ |
کم کردن |
|
pain |
/peɪn/ |
/peɪn/ |
درد |
|
replace |
/rɪˈpleɪs/ |
/rɪˈpleɪs/ |
جایگزین کردن |
|
release |
/rɪˈliːs/ |
/rɪˈliːs/ |
آزاد کردن، رها کردن |
|
free |
/friː/ |
/friː/ |
آزاد کردن |
a. The pills relieved the pain from the wound I received in the conflict.*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
pill |
/pɪl/ |
/pɪl/ |
قرص، دارو |
|
wound |
/waʊnd/ |
/waʊnd/ |
زخم، جراحت |
|
receive |
/rɪˈsiːv/ |
/rɪˈsiːv/ |
دریافت کردن |
|
conflict |
/ˈkɑːnflɪkt/ |
/ˈkɒnflɪkt/ |
کشمکش، نبرد |
b. A majority* of the population* wanted to relieve the mayor of his duty.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
majority |
/məˈdʒɔːrəti/ |
/məˈdʒɒrəti/ |
اکثریت |
|
population |
/ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃn/ |
/ˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃn/ |
جمعیت |
|
mayor |
/ˈmeɪər/ |
/meə/ |
شهردار |
|
duty |
/ˈduːt̬i/ |
/ˈdjuːti/ |
وظیفه، خدمت |
c. The peace agreement relieved us of the threat* of an attack.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
peace agreement |
/piːs əˈɡriːmənt/ |
/piːs əˈɡriːmənt/ |
معاهده صلح |
|
threat |
/θret/ |
/θret/ |
تهدید |
|
attack |
/əˈtæk/ |
/əˈtæk/ |
حمله |
12. baffle = be too hard to understand or solve
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
baffle |
/ˈbæfl/ |
/ˈbæfl/ |
گیج یا گمراه کردن، مغشوش کردن |
|
solve |
/sɑːlv/ |
/sɒlv/ |
حل کردن |
a. How so mediocre* a player earned so much money baffled me.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
a |
|
|
|
|
mediocre |
/ˌmiːdiˈoʊkər/ |
/ˌmiːdiˈəʊkə/ |
متوسط |
|
earn |
/ɜːrn/ |
/ɜːn/ |
کسب کردن، درآمد داشتن |
b. The topic* of relativity is a baffling one.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
b |
|
|
|
|
topic |
/ˈtɑːpɪk/ |
/ˈtɒpɪk/ |
موضوع، سرفصل |
|
relativity |
/ˌreləˈtɪvəti/ |
/ˌreləˈtɪvəti/ |
نسبیت |
c. Sherlock Holmes would undoubtedly* have been baffled by the way the crime was committed.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
c |
|
|
|
|
undoubtedly |
/ʌnˈdaʊtɪd/ |
/ʌnˈdaʊtɪd/ |
بدون شک، مسلماً |
|
crime |
/kraɪm/ |
/kraɪm/ |
جرم، جنایت |
|
commit |
/kəˈmɪt/ |
/kəˈmɪt/ |
مرتکب شدن |
Words in Use
Read the following passage to see how the new words are used in it.
Safety in the Air
The most persistent* plea of weary pilots has always been for a machine
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
safety |
/ˈseɪfti/ |
/ˈseɪfti/ |
سلامت، امنیت |
|
persistent |
/pərˈsɪstnt/ |
/pərˈsɪstnt/ |
همیشگی، پایا |
|
plea |
/pliː/ |
/pliː/ |
درخواست، تقاضا |
|
weary |
/ˈwɪri/ |
/ˈwɪəri/ |
خسته |
|
pilot |
/ˈpaɪlət/ |
/ˈpaɪlət/ |
خلبان |
|
machine |
/məˈʃiːn/ |
/məˈʃiːn/ |
دستگاه |
that would warn them that they were about to collide with an oncoming airplane.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
warn |
/wɔːrn/ |
/wɔːn/ |
هشدار دادن، اخطار دادن |
|
about to |
/əˈbaʊt tə/ |
/əˈbaʊt tə/ |
در شرفِ، در آستانه ی |
|
collide |
/kəˈlaɪd/ |
/kəˈlaɪd/ |
تصادم کردن، به‌هم خوردن |
|
oncoming |
/ˈɑːn ˌkʌmɪŋ/ |
/ˈɒnˌkʌmɪŋ/ |
(از نظر زمان یا مکان) نزدیک شونده |
Studies of landing patterns confirm that the number of collisions is increasing each year,
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
studies |
/ˈstʌdiz/ |
/ˈstʌdiz/ |
مطالعات، تحقیقات |
|
landing |
/ˈlændɪŋ/ |
/ˈlændɪŋ/ |
فرود |
|
pattern |
/ˈpætərn/ |
/ˈpætn/ |
طرح، الگو |
|
confirm |
/kənˈfɜrːm/ |
/kənˈfɜːm/ |
تأیید کردن، تصدیق کردن |
|
collision |
/kəˈlɪʒn/ |
/kəˈlɪʒn/ |
تصادم، برخورد |
|
increase |
/ɪnˈkriːs/ |
/ɪnˈkriːs/ |
زیاد شدن |
and pilots verify hundreds of reports of near misses.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
verify |
/ˈverɪfaɪ/ |
/ˈverɪfaɪ/ |
تأیید کردن، بازبینی کردن |
|
near misses |
/ˈnɪrˈmɪsəz/ |
/nɪəmɪsəz/ |
وقایع قریب الوقوع |
Recently a system that would electronically anticipate oncoming airplanes was devised,*
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
recently |
/ˈriːsntli/ |
/ˈriːsntli/ |
اخیراً |
|
electronically |
/iˌlekˈtrɑːnɪkəli/ |
/ˌelɪkˈtrɒnɪkəli/ |
بطور الکترونیکی |
|
anticipate |
/ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/ |
/ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/ |
پیش بینی کردن |
|
oncoming |
/ˈɑːn ˌkʌmɪŋ/ |
/ˈɒnˌkʌmɪŋ/ |
(از نظر زمان یا مکان) نزدیک شونده |
|
devise
|
/dɪˈvaɪz/ |
/dɪˈvaɪz/ |
ابداع کردن، طراحی کردن |
and the pilot's dilemma to dive or to climb, to detour to left or right, may be solved.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
dilemma |
/dəˈlemə/ |
/dəˈlemə/ |
دوراهی |
|
dive |
/daɪv/ |
/daɪv/ |
(هواپیما را) سرازیر کردن |
|
climb |
/klaɪm/ |
/klaɪm/ |
بالا رفتن |
|
detour |
/ˈdiːtʊr/ |
/ˈdiːtʊə/ |
به راه فرعی رفتن |
|
solve |
/sɑːlv/ |
/sɒlv/ |
حل کردن |
The system has merit, though, only if every plane is equipped to transmit and receive a signal to and from an oncoming plane.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
merit |
/ˈmerɪt/ |
/ˈmerɪt/ |
ارزش، نیکویی |
|
though |
/ðoʊ/ |
/ðəʊ/ |
ولی |
|
only if |
/ˈoʊnli/ |
/ˈəʊnli/ |
فقط در صورتیکه |
|
equip |
/ɪˈkwɪp/ |
/ɪˈkwɪp/ |
مجهز کردن |
|
transmit |
/trænsˈmɪt/ |
/trænzˈmɪt/ |
فرستادن |
|
receive |
/rɪˈsiːv/ |
/rɪˈsiːv/ |
دریافت کردن |
|
signal |
/ˈsɪɡnl/ |
/ˈsɪɡnl/ |
سیگنال |
But most aviation experts feel that only a system that watches every airplane in the sky will relieve a problem that tends to baffle every one who attempts to find a solution.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
aviation |
/ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ |
/ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ |
هوانوردی، هواپیمایی |
|
expert |
/ˈekspɜrːt/ |
/ˈekspɜːt/ |
کارشناس، متخصص |
|
relieve |
/rɪˈliːv/ |
/rɪˈliːv/ |
کم کردن |
|
tend |
/tend/ |
/tend/ |
متمایل بودن به، گرایش داشتن |
|
baffle |
/ˈbæfl/ |
/ˈbæfl/ |
گیج یا گمراه کردن |
|
attempt |
/əˈtempt/ |
/əˈtempt/ |
تقلا کردن |
|
solution |
/səˈluːʃn/ |
/səˈluːʃn/ |
چاره، راه حل |
Picture It
Which of the words studied in this lesson is suggested by the picture?
Fill in the Blanks
Place one of the new words in each of the blanks below.
1. The first time a message was ___ over a telegraph was in 1840. (transmitted)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
over |
/ˈoʊvər/ |
/ˈəʊvə/ |
از طریق |
|
telegraph |
/ˈteləɡræf/ |
/ˈteləɡrɑːf/ |
تلگراف |
2. Can you ___ that this is your handwriting? (confirm or verify)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
handwriting |
/ˈhændˌraɪtɪŋ/ |
/ˈhændˌraɪtɪŋ/ |
دست خط |
3. I took a ___ to avoid traffic. (detour)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
avoid |
/əˈvɔɪd/ |
/əˈvɔɪd/ |
اجتناب کردن |
4. We were all very ___ after the long trip. (weary)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
trip |
/trɪp/ |
/trɪp/ |
سفر |
5. There is ___ in being a good listener. (merit)
6. The judge listened to the burglar's ___ of not guilty. (plea)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
judge |
/dʒʌdʒ/ |
/dʒʌdʒ/ |
قاضی |
|
burglar |
/ˈbɜːrɡlər/ |
/ˈbɜːɡlə/ |
دزد، سارق |
|
guilty |
/ˈɡɪlti/ |
/ˈɡɪlti/ |
مجرم |
7. The runner and catcher were about to ___ at home plate. (collide)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
runner |
/ˈrʌnər/ |
/ˈrʌnə/ |
دونده |
|
catcher |
/ˈketʃər/ |
/ˈkætʃə/ |
گیرنده |
|
home plate |
/hoʊmˈpleɪt/ |
/həʊmpleɪt/ |
(بیسبال) هوم پلایت، خان اصلی (که چوگانزن کنار آن میایستد) |
8. Tyrone was ___ that he didn't have any more work to do. (relieved)
9. When you run a company you have at least one new ___ every day to solve. (dilemma)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
run |
/rʌn/ |
/rʌn/ |
اداره کردن |
|
at least |
/ət liːst/ |
/ət liːst/ |
حداقل، دست کم |
|
solve |
/sɑːlv/ |
/sɒlv/ |
حل کردن |
10. Did you ___ our reservations at the hotel? (confirm or verify)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
reservation |
/ˌrezərˈveɪʃn/ |
/ˌrezəˈveɪʃn/ |
رزرو |
11. We were ___ as to who murdered the wretched* old man. (baffled)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
murder |
/ˈmɜːrdər/ |
/ˈmɜːdə/ |
به‌قتل رساندن |
|
wretched |
/ˈretʃɪd/ |
/ˈretʃɪd/ |
بدبخت، بی‌چاره |
12. After having been married to Arthur for thirty years, Selma could ___ everything he was going to say. (anticipate)
(NOTE: You might have used the same word in Sentences 2 and 10.)
Word Detective
From the list of 12 new words that follows, choose the one that corresponds to each definition below.
|
plea |
weary |
collide |
confirm |
|
verify |
anticipate |
dilemma |
detour |
|
merit |
transmit |
relieve |
baffle |
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
plea |
/pliː/ |
/pliː/ |
درخواست، تقاضا |
|
verify |
/ˈverɪfaɪ/ |
/ˈverɪfaɪ/ |
تأیید کردن، تصدیق کردن |
|
merit |
/ˈmerɪt/ |
/ˈmerɪt/ |
ارزش، ارزش داشتن، نیکویی، شایستگی |
|
weary |
/ˈwɪri/ |
/ˈwɪəri/ |
خسته |
|
anticipate |
/ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/ |
/ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/ |
بی‌صبرانه منتظر بودن، پیش بینی کردن |
|
transmit |
/trænsˈmɪt/ |
/trænzˈmɪt/ |
انتقال دادن، فرستادن |
|
collide |
/kəˈlaɪd/ |
/kəˈlaɪd/ |
تصادم کردن، به‌هم خوردن |
|
dilemma |
/dəˈlemə/ |
/dəˈlemə/ |
دوراهی، مخمصه |
|
relieve |
/rɪˈliːv/ |
/rɪˈliːv/ |
فرونشاندن، کم کردن درد، آزاد کردن، جایگزین کردن |
|
confirm |
/kənˈfɜrːm/ |
/kənˈfɜːm/ |
تأیید کردن، تصدیق کردن |
|
detour |
/ˈdiːtʊr/ |
/ˈdiːtʊə/ |
راه فرعی |
|
baffle |
/ˈbæfl/ |
/ˈbæfl/ |
گیج یا گمراه کردن، مغشوش کردن |
1. a roundabout way (detour)
2. that which is asked of another (plea)
3. come together with force (collide)
4. pass along (transmit)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
roundabout |
/ˈraʊndəbaʊt/ |
/ˈraʊndəbaʊt/ |
فرعی |
|
come together |
/kʌm təˈɡeðər/ |
/kʌm təˈɡeðə/ |
برخورد کردن |
|
pass along |
/pæs əˈlɒːŋ/ |
/pɑːs əˈlɒŋ/ |
انتقال دادن |
5. be too hard to understand (baffle)
6. goodness; worth; value (merit)
7. make easier; replace (relieve)
8. tired (weary)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
goodness |
/ˈɡʊdnəs/ |
/ˈɡʊdnəs/ |
خوبی، نیکی |
|
worth |
/wɜːrθ/ |
/wɜːθ/ |
ارزش |
|
value |
/ˈvæljuː/ |
/ˈvæljuː/ |
ارزش |
|
replace |
/rɪˈpleɪs/ |
/rɪˈpleɪs/ |
جایگزین کردن |
9. make certain (confirm)
10. a difficult choice (dilemma)
11. prove to be true (verify)
12. expect (anticipate)
(NOTE: The same words could be used for definitions 9 and 11.)
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
make certain |
/meɪk ˈsɜrːtn/ |
/meɪk ˈsɜːtn/ |
اطمینان حاصل کردن، مطمئن شدن |
|
prove |
/pruːv/ |
/pruːv/ |
ثابت کردن |
|
expect |
/ɪkˈspekt/ |
/ɪkˈspekt/ |
چشم داشتن، انتظار داشتن |
Spotlight On
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
Spotlight |
/ˈspɑːtlaɪt/
|
/ˈspɒtlaɪt/ |
زیر نورافکن قرار دادن، (مجازی) مرکز توجه کردن |
dilemma-The sport of bull fighting provides us with a vivid expression-
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
dilemma |
/dəˈlemə/ |
/dəˈlemə/ |
دوراهی، مخمصه |
|
bull fight |
/bʊl faɪt/ |
/bʊl faɪt/ |
گاو بازی |
|
provide with |
/prəˈvaɪd wɪð/ |
/prəˈvaɪd wɪð/ |
در اختیار گذاشتن |
|
vivid |
/ˈvɪvɪd/ |
/ˈvɪvɪd/ |
روشن، واضح |
|
expression |
/ɪkˈspreʃn/ |
/ɪkˈspreʃn/ |
عبارت |
being on the horns of a dilemma to describe a situation in which we are faced with two choices, each equally unpleasant.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
on the horns of a dilemma |
/hɔːrn/ /dəˈlemə / |
/hɔːn/ /dəˈlemə / |
(اصطلاح است) یک دوراهی که انتخاب هریک ناخوشایند است |
|
describe |
/dɪˈskraɪb/ |
/dɪˈskraɪb/ |
توصیف کردن |
|
situation |
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ |
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ |
موقعیت، وضعیت |
|
face |
/feɪs/ |
/feɪs/ |
مواجه شدن |
|
equally |
/ˈiːkwəli/ |
/ˈiːkwəli/ |
به یک اندازه |
|
unpleasant |
/ʌnˈpleznt/ |
/ʌnˈpleznt/ |
ناخوشایند |
It is as if we were asked to choose which horn of a bull we prefer to be gored by.
|
word |
American English phonetic |
British English phonetic |
meaning |
|
horn |
/hɔːrn/ |
/hɔːn/ |
شاخ |
|
bull |
/bʊl/ |
/bʊl/ |
گاو |
|
prefer |
/prɪˈfɜrː/ |
/prɪˈfɜː/ |
ترجیح دادن |
|
gore |
/ɡɔːr/ |
/ɡɔː/ |
شاخ زدن، باشاخ زخمی کردن |
